Oil refinery series 1 model structures for model railroads. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Desalting of crude oil pdf download crude oil desalting process. Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3. With the depletion in global reserves of light crude oil. I have lots of questions regarding desalting crude oil. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Crude oil contains many contaminants which present challenges to refiners. Chemicals reduce the surface tension for making removal of salts and water easy. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil.
The largest oil refinery is the paraguana refining complex in venezuela, which can process 940,000 barrels of oil each day. Dear all, have you come across any refinery processing crude with 10 api crude say blend of crude or single crude like boscan or patoz whose api is around 10. Crude desalting refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. The aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network ann controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. Or it is better just to inject anticorrosion agents. This water is incorporated in the crude oil due to the strong agitation by the elevation process and the depressurization occurred in the choke valve, forming a waterinoil emulsion. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. An increase in process temperature has two opposite effects. Poor desalting efficiency, uncontrollable emulsions, and other desalting challenges are common when processing lowerpriced opportunity crude oils.
Crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. How to crude oil desalting process in refinnerypetroleum. Can standard electrostatic desalter handle such heavy crude with respect to high. Pdf oil produced in most oil fields is accompanied by water in the.
Crude oil treatments training course petroknowledge. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. Crude desalting breaking the crude oilwater emulsion important to minimize downstream problems performance of additives may be crude specific 12 picture from. Depending on the original water content of the oil, salinity and the process of dehydration used oilfield treatment can produce oil with a remnant water content. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. A process for desalting a petroleum oil comprising emulsifying said oil with water to form a first stage emulsion, passing said emulsion between horizontally disposed electrodes contained in a treating vessel, whereby said emulsion is subjected to an electric field and the emulsion is broken, allowing deemulsified water to fall towards the bottom of the vessel, collecting the so. Online measurement of the salt concentration in crude oil plays an important role in the crude oil chain, from the wellhead until entering the crude distillation unit. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects.
Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. Additionally, any experience with desalting of heavy crudes 1015 api, e. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be. Oil refinery processes presentation linkedin slideshare. Desalting is a part of the refining process, in which, salts and water are removed from the crude oil prior to distillation. Crude desalting posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas.
The system can handle lowapi grades and high viscous oils and provide in the same time an excellent quality crude oil even by one stage process. The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower. The mod4100s is an online salt in crude oil analyzer, which is designed to provide real time analytical data of the salt content in crude oils. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the free dictionary. For applications in liquidliquid contact processes in refining and. However, a good understanding of this process provides the best perspective on the function of the bmasystem. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio. The natco electrodynamic desalter technology uses the extremely efficient hiflo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. Process for desalting petroleum oils petrolite corporation.
The typical oilpetroleum refinery is an industrial process plant with many different structures designed to receive crude oil, processes and refine it into petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Chlorine and the desalting process crude oil contains many contaminants which present challenges to refiners. Use ac and dc fields to remove salt and water from crude oil. Processing crude with 10 api posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas.
Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30. Handling of crude oil mixtures, once produced, is subjected first, to what is known as surface petroleum operations spo. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the. Bmasystem desalter interface control application sheet. The two most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical and electrostatic separation, and both use hot water as the extraction agent. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation.
Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Optimum temperature in the electrostatic desalting of maya crude oil. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. Crude oil desalting is accomplished in two fundamental steps. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Fundamentals of mass transfer in the desalting process. Objectives of this treatment are first to remove free water and then break the oil emulsions to reduce the remaining emulsified water in the oil. Some of the reasons why crude oil desalting is necessary are. In desalting systems, before sending a stream of crude oil to the distillation process, it is put in contact with water by means of a mixing system that promotes close contact between the phases in order to remove salts, metals and solids in the crude. Desalter in which chemical is added to the crude in order to remove salts, sediments, water and sludge. We use these technologiesperfected over many decadesto provide solutions ranging from singlestage product applications to complete oil treatments to ensure your oil is costeffectively. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency. Crude oil desalting desalting temperature the settling rate depends on the density and viscosity of the crude.
The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. For example, you wouldnt put crude oil in the gas tank of your car. The washing of crude oil with water in order to remove materials such as dirt, silt, and watersoluble minerals explanation of crude desalting. This petroknowledge training course provides a detailed understanding of theories and technologies involved in crude oil treatment, petroleum crude formation, production, phase separation process, emulsion theory formation, crude oil desalting, stabilization and the mechanism through the technology to destabilize and separate water from oil in addition to crude oil storage and loading facilities. The oil refinery structures are our most popular product line to date. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. Salts, which normally occur in the form of brine suspended in the crude, promote corrosion, fouling, and coking. The crude oil is heated and mixed with sweet water and often demulsifiers in order to dilute the salt, and the emulsion is separated in the electroseparators. In the desalting process, water is mixed with the crude, passing through a mix valve prior. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Reducing the salt content of the treated crude oil to acceptable levels creates high fouling throughout the process. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil.
Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. Proactively gaining insight into the processing challenges of crude blends allows you to confidently increase your. Crude oil production is usually accompanied by production of water, and a further treatment is required in order to remove it. Some refiners are attempting 7year runs between crude unit shutdowns. Maya crude oil, temperature, desalting, viscosity, density, conductivity. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was. Dehydration this part deals with the dehydration stage of treatment. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Our crude oil treatment technologies include multiphase separation systems, dehydration and desalting electrostatic treaters, and distillate treaters. Can anyone advise whether it is worth to install desalter for crude with salt content 1020 ptb.
Lecture 4dehydration and desalting of crude oilofp1. Typical desalting temperature can vary between 50 and 150. This chapter explores the process of crude distillation. The salt content of crude oil almost always consists of salt dissolved in small droplets of water that are dispersed in the crude. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality. S an experimental investigation of crude oil desaltingdehydration process.
To minimize downtime and optimize effluent cooling, lowfouling alfa laval heat exchangers are an excellent choice. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. The salts also accelerate corrosion in piping and equipment. Aker kvaerner asa wins new process systems orders for nok160m. Control structure design for crude oil quality improvement in a. The main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by. The majority of crude oil is alkanes, cycloalkanes naphthenes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, scontaining compounds, etc. Overview of the desalting process the crude oil desalting process is a very simple process in theory, but the execution it can be both complicated and misunderstood. Depending on the desired salt content in the desalted crude oil, a one or twostep process could be applied. The objective of desalting process is to remove chloride salts and other minerals from the crude oil by waterwashing. Some contaminants occur naturally in the crude oil and others are accumulated in the upstream process. Crude oil desalting principles of crude oil desalting desalting is an integral part of refinery crude oil processing and can be the key to controlling pipestill corrosion, heat exchanger fouling, furnace tube coking, and process water disposal. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery.
Osha, technical manual, section iv safety hazards, chapter 2. Increasing energy efficiency in refinery desalting processes. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Step 0 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. The twostage desalting process eliminates about 90% of the salt. Desalting process by use of chemical along with electric field. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels ptb can be as high as 2000. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or. A reliable alternative to the traditional desalting process is the usage of highspeed centrifuges. The primary means to remove these contaminants is the desalting process.
Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. Effective desalting is critical to extended unit runs. Experimental investigation of kuwaiti crude oil desaltingdehydration process, m. Baker hughes comprehensive crude oil management approach. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Since increasing the temperature lowers the density and viscosity, the settling rate is increased with temperature based on the crude gravity. Processing crude with 10 api refining, hydrocarbons, oil. If process design for desalting crude oil is to be carried out can the design be done using any simulation software. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Most produced water contains salts that can cause problems in production and refining, when solids precipitate to form scale on process equipment. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters. Both natural and chemical desalter are useful for crude having low salts or for batch process.
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